Guide to Japanese Onsen (Hot Springs) for Beginners

Intro: Soaking in Tradition—A Beginner's Guide to Japanese Onsens 

Imagine steam rising gently against a mountain backdrop, the scent of cedar wood in the air, and your muscles melting into mineral-rich water warmed by the earth itself. This isn’t a dream—it’s an onsen, Japan’s beloved hot spring tradition. For many locals, onsen bathing is more than relaxation—it's a sacred ritual tied to health, culture, and mindfulness.

For newcomers and expats living in Japan, the idea of communal nude bathing can feel a little intimidating at first. But with the right guidance, visiting an onsen can become one of the most memorable and rewarding cultural experiences you’ll have here.

In this beginner-friendly guide, we’ll walk you through everything you need to know—from etiquette and health benefits to must-visit onsen spots—so you can soak in Japan’s thermal treasures with confidence and ease.

(Source: Upsplash: Wren Chai)

What is an Onsen?

In Japan, the term onsen (温泉) refers to a naturally occurring hot spring created by geothermal heat from the country’s volcanic activity. With over 3,000 onsen resorts nationwide, these mineral-rich waters have been cherished for centuries—not just for relaxation, but also for their healing properties.

Onsen water must meet specific criteria under Japanese law, including a minimum temperature of 25°C and the presence of certain natural minerals like sulfur, bicarbonate, or sodium chloride. These minerals are believed to help with various health conditions, from skin irritations to muscle fatigue.

There are several types of onsen:

• Indoor (内湯 - uchiyu): Found in ryokan (traditional inns) or hotels, often with beautiful wood or stone finishes.
• Outdoor (露天風呂 - rotenburo): Scenic open-air baths set in natural environments—think mountains, forests, or riversides.
• Ashiyu (足湯): Footbaths often found in public areas like train stations—free and perfect for a quick soak.
• Specialty Onsens: Some use volcanic sand (like in Ibusuki) or mud, adding a unique twist to the experience.

💡 Not sure which type suits you best? Call Butler can match you with the ideal onsen experience, from scenic mountain rotenburo to tattoo-friendly urban baths.

(Picture by Shahidah Uthman)

The Customs of Onsen Bathing

Stepping into an onsen for the first time can feel a little daunting—but once you understand the customs, it quickly becomes second nature. Onsen etiquette isn’t just about rules; it reflects Japan’s deep respect for shared spaces, cleanliness, and harmony.

Here’s what you need to know before your first soak:

• Shower Thoroughly First
  Before entering the onsen, all guests must completely wash and rinse their bodies. This is done in the shower area using small stools and handheld showers. Most facilities provide soap, shampoo, and even conditioner, but you can bring your own.

💡 Tip: Don’t rush—locals often take their time scrubbing. Think of it as a ritual, not a chore.

• No Swimsuits or Large Towels Allowed
  Onsens are traditionally enjoyed nude. While that might sound intimidating, it’s totally normal in Japan and no one will pay you any mind. You're allowed to carry a small towel for modesty, but don’t let it touch the water. Instead, fold it and place it on the side of the bath or rest it on your head.
• Tattoos and Onsen
  Tattoos can still be a sensitive issue. Many onsens associate them with the yakuza (organized crime), though this is slowly changing. Some places allow tattoos, offer cover-up patches, or have private baths.

💡 Call Butler can help identify tattoo-friendly onsens or call ahead on your behalf to check their policy.

• Keep It Quiet and Relaxed
  Onsens are tranquil spaces. Conversations should be low and respectful—think spa vibes. Running, splashing, or phone use is a no-go. In many onsens, photography is also prohibited.
• Hydrate and Take Breaks
  Onsen water is hot—usually between 38–42°C (100–108°F). Soak in intervals and drink water before and after to stay hydrated. Some onsens have rest areas for cooling down between dips.
• No Towels or Hair in the Water
  Make sure your hair is tied up and doesn’t touch the water. Towels, as mentioned earlier, stay out too—this keeps the water hygienic for everyone.
• Rinse Off (Optional)
  After you finish bathing, some people choose to rinse off again to avoid mineral residue on their skin, while others prefer to let the minerals continue working their magic. Either is fine unless the onsen has posted specific instructions.

💡 If you're unsure about signage, instructions, or just nervous about your first visit, Call Butler can provide live support or pre-visit guidance to walk you through the steps in real time.

(Source: Pixabay: pen_ash)

Health Benefits of Onsen

Beyond the soothing heat and scenic views, soaking in onsen water offers a range of health benefits thanks to its unique mineral content. For centuries, Japanese people have turned to onsens not just for relaxation but as a form of toji—therapeutic bathing.

Here are some of the most well-known (and scientifically supported) benefits:

1. Healthier Skin
   Onsen waters are rich in minerals like sulfur, bicarbonate, and silica, which can help with conditions like eczema, acne, and dryness.
   🧴 A 2019 study in the Journal of Environmental Science and Health found that regular onsen bathing improved skin hydration and elasticity.
2. Muscle & Joint Relief
   The warm temperatures help increase blood flow and relax tight muscles. For those with arthritis, back pain, or post-hike soreness, a good soak can feel like instant relief.
3. Improved Circulation
   Heat from the water causes blood vessels to expand, which can help improve cardiovascular function and overall circulation.
   🚶 A 2018 review in the Journal of Sports Science & Medicine showed that repeated heat exposure—like onsen therapy—can have similar vascular benefits to light exercise.
4. Lower Stress Levels
   The peaceful atmosphere and heat combine to reduce cortisol, the body’s primary stress hormone.
   🧠 A 2021 study by Kawasaki et al. showed that hot bathing significantly lowered stress markers and promoted better mental well-being.
5. Better Sleep
   After an onsen visit, your body temperature drops slightly as you cool down, which can help signal your body that it’s time to rest. This leads to deeper, more restful sleep—especially if you bathe in the evening.

💡 Call Butler can recommend onsens that specialize in specific mineral waters—like sulfur-rich baths for skin health or sodium-based baths for muscle relief—depending on what your body needs most.

(Source: Pixabay: andrew_t8)

Best Onsen Locations for Expats

With thousands of onsen resorts scattered across Japan, it can be tough to decide where to start. Whether you’re craving a mountain retreat, beachside soak, or just a quick escape from city life, these beginner-friendly spots offer something for everyone—plus many are accessible and foreigner-welcoming. If you need some hotels with private bathing options, you can check out this blog!

1. Hakone (Kanagawa Prefecture)

Just 90 minutes from Tokyo, Hakone is one of the most popular onsen areas for a reason. Think stunning views of Mount Fuji, scenic lake cruises, and plenty of modern and traditional ryokan to choose from. Ideal for weekend trips or first-timers who want comfort and convenience.

2. Beppu (Oita Prefecture)

Located on the southern island of Kyushu, Beppu is a geothermal wonderland. It's known for its variety of baths—from sand and steam to mud and waterfall onsens. Don’t miss the “Hells of Beppu,” a collection of colorful (but not bathable) hot springs that make great photo ops.

3. Kusatsu (Gunma Prefecture)

This mountain town boasts some of Japan’s highest-quality sulfuric waters, known for their strong healing properties. Kusatsu is also famous for its dramatic yubatake (hot water field) in the center of town. Great for health-focused bathers or those looking for a more traditional, small-town vibe.

4. Noboribetsu (Hokkaido)

Up north in Hokkaido, Noboribetsu is home to mineral-rich waters sourced from the volcanic Hell Valley (Jigokudani). The area features a wide range of bath types, including milky sulfur and iron-rich red baths. Perfect if you’re traveling in winter—imagine snowflakes falling as you soak in an outdoor bath.

5. Ibusuki (Kagoshima Prefecture)

For something truly different, head to Ibusuki, where visitors are buried in naturally heated volcanic sand. The pressure and heat combination promotes circulation and deep relaxation. A must-try for wellness seekers and adventurous bathers.

💡 Not sure which onsen destination fits your travel style? Call Butler can curate a custom getaway based on your preferences—whether you're after scenic views, therapeutic benefits, or tattoo-friendly resorts. We’ll even handle bookings and local transport!

Conclusion: Soak in the Culture

Japan’s onsen culture offers more than just a warm bath—it’s a moment of stillness, tradition, and connection with nature that’s deeply woven into daily life here. Whether you're visiting a luxurious mountain retreat or a humble neighborhood bathhouse, taking part in this centuries-old practice is one of the most enriching experiences you can have in Japan.

By understanding the customs, health benefits, and the variety of onsen styles, you can step into your first soak with confidence. And remember: once you’ve tried it, it’s easy to see why locals swear by the healing power of hot springs.

Let Call Butler Make Your Onsen Experience Effortless

Planning your first onsen trip? Unsure which locations welcome tattoos or have English signage? That’s where Call Butler steps in.

We help expats and travelers navigate Japan’s onsen culture with ease—from booking ryokan and finding hidden gem baths to providing real-time language support. Our local assistants can help you:

• Choose the right onsen based on your preferences
• Confirm tattoo policies or find private bath options
• Help finding accommodations
• Explain onsen etiquette or signage
• Even translate on-site in real time if you need help

Don’t let language or uncertainty keep you from enjoying one of Japan’s most iconic traditions. Contact Call Butler today and let us help you relax like a local—comfortably, confidently, and completely stress-free.